"Longevity genes" is a collective term for genes whose variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are associated in scientific research with biological processes that may potentially influence ageing, cell function and metabolism.
Studies worldwide investigate how certain gene variants – for example in FOXO3, SIRT1 or APOE – are related to ageing processes and cellular mechanisms, including cellular stress responses, metabolic regulation or the maintenance of cell homeostasis. For example, it was found that certain variants of the FOXO3 gene occur more frequently in particularly long-lived people.
In addition, genes involved in cell repair, energy and stress responses are considered. Such mechanisms could theoretically be relevant, especially in combination with environmental and lifestyle factors. In recent years, research has increasingly pursued polygenic approaches, in which several variants are analysed together in order to better represent genetic diversity.
The term "longevity genes" provides scientific orientation: it names genetic variants that are studied in the context of ageing research. However, it does not provide a guarantee of healthy ageing, as many factors – including lifestyle, environment and chance – influence the ageing process.