Longevity Guide

Arteriosclerosis is a long-term process in which the blood vessel wall changes under the influence of atherogenic lipoproteins, inflammatory processes, blood pressure, metabolism and other factors. Long-term exposure to LDL and other ApoB-containing lipoproteins is particularly relevant, while plaque stability and immune responses also play an important role. Several factors can be influenced to support vascular health: regular exercise, a balanced diet, blood pressure and blood sugar control, and avoiding smoking.

Blood group is genetically determined and is medically relevant primarily in blood transfusions and pregnancy. People who want to find out their blood group can first check existing medical records or arrange testing at a medical practice or laboratory. Although associations between blood groups and certain diseases are being researched, blood group alone does not allow a reliable assessment of personal health risk or life expectancy. The blood group diet and the attribution of personality traits also lack a convincing scientific basis. 

Cholesterol is important for cell membranes, hormones and the formation of vitamin D. What matters most for cardiovascular health is how many atherogenic lipoprotein particles circulate in the blood and how long blood vessels are exposed to them. Alongside LDL and HDL, ApoB and lipoprotein(a) can provide additional clues about individual risk. A balanced diet, regular exercise and avoiding smoking support vascular health; depending on the personal risk profile, medication may also be useful.

Metabolism encompasses numerous interconnected processes that cannot be fully assessed using individual laboratory values. A metabolome test can measure selected metabolic products and lipoprotein parameters together, providing additional information about lipid and glucose metabolism. Studies show that metabolic patterns can differ during the menopause transition, in PCOS, and in relation to exercise and diet. However, an extended metabolic profile replaces neither established laboratory tests nor a medical diagnosis: what matters is the significance of the individual measurements, their scientific validation and their interpretation in the individual context.

Sleep is important for the recovery of the body and brain and influences metabolism, the cardiovascular system, memory and mood, among other things. Alongside sufficient sleep duration, sleep quality and a regular sleep–wake rhythm play an important role in health. Morning daylight, movement, a pleasant sleep environment and a conscious approach to caffeine and alcohol can support good sleep. With persistent sleep problems or pronounced daytime sleepiness, a medical assessment is useful.

Blood pressure is an important marker of strain on the cardiovascular system and becomes more significant as we get older. Persistently elevated readings can put strain on blood vessels and organs, while individual measurements may reveal little because of stress, movement or other factors. Standardised measurements and consideration of longer-term readings are therefore crucial. For healthy ageing, regular movement, a balanced diet, a conscious approach to salt and alcohol, not smoking and medical treatment where needed play a central role.